2019年6月四级真题(第1套)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you
are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus
newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union.You
should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.
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PartⅡ Listening
Comprehension (25
minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this
section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you
will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will
be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single
line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the
news report you have just heard.
1.A)He set a record be swimming to
and from an island.
B)He
celebrated ninth birthday on a small island.
C)He
visited a prison located on a faraway island.
D)He
swam around an island near San Francisco.
2.A)He doubled the reward. B)He set him an
example.
C)He
cheered him on all the way. D)He
had the event covered on TV.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the
news report you have just heard.
3.A)To end the one-child policy. B)To encourage late
marriage.
C)To
increase working efficiency. D)To
give people more time to travel.
4.A)They will not be welcomed by
young people.
B)They
will help to popularize early marriage.
C)They
will boost China’s economic growth.
D)They
will not com into immediate effect.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the
news report you have just heard.
5.A)Cleaning service in great
demand all over the world.
B)Two
ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.
C)A
new company to clean up the mess after parties.
D)Cleaners
gainfully employed at nights and weekends.
6.A)It takes a lot of time to
prepare. B)It leaves the
house in a mess.
C)It
makes party goers exhausted. D)It
creates noise and misconduct.
7.A)Hire an Australian lawyer. B)Visit the U.S. and
Canada.
C)Settle
a legal dispute. D)Expand
their business.
Section B
Directions: In this
section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation,
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A),B),C)and
D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with
a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
8.A)He had a driving lesson. B)He got his
driver’s license.
C)He
took the driver’s theory exam. D)He
passed the driver’s road test.
9.A)He was not well prepared. B)He did not get to
the exam in time.
C)He
was not used to the test format. D)He
did not follow the test procedure.
10.A)They are tough. B)They
are costly.
C)They
are helpful. D)They
are too short.
11.A)Pass his road test the first
time. B)Test-drive a few
times on highways.
C)Find
an experienced driving instructor. D)Earn
enough money for driving lessons.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
12.A)Where the woman studies. B)The acceptance rate at
Leeds.
C)Leeds’
tuition for international students. D)How
to apply for studies at a university.
13.A)Apply to an American
university. B)Do research on
higher education.
C)Perform
in a famous musical. D)Pursue
postgraduate studies.
14.A)His favorable recommendations. B)His outstanding musical
talent.
C)His
academic excellence. D)His
unique experience.
15. A) Do a master’s degree. B) Settle down in
England.
C)
Travel widely. D)
Teach overseas.
Section C
Directions: In this section,
you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three
or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
16. A) They help farmers keep
diseases in check.
B)
Many species remain unknown to scientists.
C)
Only a few species cause trouble to humans.
D)
They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.
17. A) They are larger than many
other species.
B)
They can cause damage to people’s homes.
C)
They can survive a long time without water.
D)
They like to form colonies in electrical units.
18. A) Deny them access to any
food.
B)
Keep doors and windows shut.
C)
Destroy their colonies close by.
D)
Refrain from eating sugary food.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
19. A) The function of the human
immune system.
B)
The cause of various auto-immune diseases.
C)
The viruses that may infect the human immune system.
D)
The change in people’s immune system as they get older.
20. A) Report their illnesses. B) Offer blood
samples.
C)
Act as research assistants. D)
Help to interview patients.
21. A) Strengthening people’s
immunity to infection.
B)
Better understanding patients’ immune system.
C)
Helping improve old people’s health conditions.
D)
Further reducing old patients’ medical expenses.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
22. A) His students had trouble
getting on with each other.
B)
A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.
C)
His students were struggling to follow his lessons.
D)
A group of kids were playing chess after school.
23. A) Visit a chess team in
Nashville.
B)
Join the school’s chess team.
C)
Participate in a national chess competition.
D)
Receive training for a chess competition.
24. A) Most of them come from
low-income families.
B)
Many have become national chess champions.
C)
A couple of them have got involved in crimes.
D)
Many became chess coaches after graduation.
25. A) Actions speak louder than
words.
B)
Think twice before taking action.
C)
Translate their words into action.
D)
Take action before it gets too late.
Part III Reading
Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this
section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one
word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the
passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each
choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter
for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
The
center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000
miles away. It has 26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where
self-driving vehicles are coming into life.
In
a 27 to take production back to Detroit,
Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28
that could make their state the best
place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and
put them on the road.
“Michigan’s
29 in auto research and development is under
attack from several states and countries which desire to 30 our
leadership in transportation. We can’t let happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall,
the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced.
If
all four bills pass as written, they would 32 a
substantial update of Michigan’s 2013 law that allowed the testing of
self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturer would have nearly
total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would
be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and
even set on-demand 33 of self-driving cars, like the one General
Motors and Lyft are building.
Lawmakers
in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application
of self-driving technology. In 34 , California, home of Silicon Valley,
recently proposed far more 35 rules that would require human drivers be
ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of self-driving technology.
A) bid I) replace B) contrast J) represent C) deputy K) restrictive D) dominance L) reward E) fleets M) significant F) knots N) sponsor G) legislation O) transmitted H) migrated |
Section B
Directions: In this
section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the
paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph
more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by
marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How Work Will Change When
Most of Us Live to 100
A)
Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians(百岁老人).Worldwide,
Probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more
than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel
and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life
expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France,
Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.
B)
Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances
given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real,
and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at
the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is
a mistake to simply equate longevity (长寿) with issues of old
age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.
C)
Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for
longer, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When
people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for
longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60” or “40 the
new 30.” If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some
sense younger for longer.
D)
But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which
people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having
children, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are
now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21.
By 2014, that milestone(里程碑)had shifted to age 29.
E)
While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a
growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options
are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live
longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less
attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized
the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior
and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.
F)
Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial
reasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations
suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until
your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you
will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even
if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty
years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive(认知的)
and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.
G)
And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just
lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets
needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust
precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and
friendship.
H)
The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of
education, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to
support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of
technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your
industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life,
have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.
I)
It seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into
multiple stages containing two, three, or oven more different careers. Each of
these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on
building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a
better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options
more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social
contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities,
and provide foundation for building a wide variety of skills.
J)
Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假)
as people find time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their
relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions
will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles,
firms, or industries cease to exist.
K)A
multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your
career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will
be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has
few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being
self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new
ideas will become even more crucial skills.
L)These
multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people
simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages
mean more possible sequences.
M)With
this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. I n a
three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age,
they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed
through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into
retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could
be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an
independent producer at any age.
N)Current
life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of
tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of
full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement
may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant
today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is
to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older
for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger
longer.
36. An extended lifespan in the
future will allow people to have more careers than now.
37. Just extending one’s career may
have both positive and negative effects.
38. Nowadays, many Americans have
on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.
39.
Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the
pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.
40. Many more people will be
expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.
41. A longer life will cause
radical changes in people’s approach to life.
42. Fast technological change makes
it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.
43. Many people may not want to
retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.
44. The close link between age and
stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.
45. People living a longer and
healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.
Section C
Directions: There are 2
passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),
C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the
following passage.
In
the classic marriage vow(誓约), couples promise to
stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of
divorce among older couples rises when the wife-not the husband—becomes
seriously ill.
“Married
women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling
with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of
divorce,” said researcher Amelia Karraker.
Karraker
and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a
study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first
interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.
The
researchers examined how the onset(发生)of four serious physical
illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended
in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic(慢性的)illness
onset increased over time as will, with more husbands than wives developing
serious health problems.
“We
found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of
illness,” Karraker said. “They’re more likely to be widowed, and if they’re the
noes who become ill, they’re more likely to get divorced.”
While
the study didn’t assess why divorce in more likely when wives but not husbands
become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and
social expectations about caregiving many make it more difficult for men to
provide care to sick spouses,” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in
marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices
among prospective partners than divorced women.”
Given
the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population,
Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between
disease and risk of divorce.
“Offering
support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital
stress and prevent divorce at older ages,” she said. “But it’s also important
to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick
ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and
increased health costs.”
46. What can we learn about
marriage vows from the passage?
A)
They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.
B)
They are as binding as they used to be.
C)
They are not taken seriously any more.
D)
They may help couples tide over hard times.
47. What did Karraker and co-author
Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?
A)
They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.
B)
They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.
C)
They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.
D)
They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.
48. What does Karraker say about
women who fall ill?
A)
They are more likely to be widowed.
B)
They are more likely to get divorced.
C)
They are less likely to receive good care.
D)
They are less likely to bother their spouses.
49. Why is it more difficult for
men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?
A)
They are more accustomed to receiving care.
B)
They find it more important to make money for the family.
C)
They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.
D)
They expect society to do more of the job.
50. What does Karraker think is
also important?
A)
Reducing marital stress on wives.
B)
Stabilizing old couples’s relations.
C)
Providing extra care for divorced women.
D)
Making men pay for their wives’ health costs.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the
following passage.
If
you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you
by a sibling’s(兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not
know you? Did it mean she loved you less?
Probably
not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the
most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的)error
that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.
The
study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition,found
that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same
relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the
possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says
psychologist David Rubin, “but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the
group.”
The
study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names
shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob.
Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.
The
researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of
the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age
population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to
them—family or friend—had called them by another person’s name. The other
surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to
them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within
relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever
crossed these boundaries.
In
general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old
people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and this
mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake
slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more
grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on
their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There
was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated,
tired or angry.
51.How might people often feel when
they were misnamed?
A)Unwanted. B)Unhappy.
C)Confused. D)Indifferent.
52.What did David Rubin’s research
find about misnaming?
A)It
is related to the way our memories work.
B)It
is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.
C)It
occurs mostly between kids and their friends.
D)It
often causes misunderstandings among people.
53. What is most likely the cause
of misnaming?
A)
Similar personality traits. B)
Similar spellings of names.
C)
Similar physical appearance. D)
Similar pronunciation of names.
54. What did the surveys of more
than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?
A) It more often than not hurts
relationships.
B) It hardly occurs across gender
boundaries.
C) It is most frequently found in
extended families.
D) It most often occurs within a
relationship groups.
55. Why do mothers misname their
children more often than fathers?
A)
They suffer more frustrations.
B)
They become worn out more often.
C)
They communicate more with their children.
D)
They generally take on more work at home.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part,
you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.
You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2,000多年历史。在狮子舞中,两位表演者同披一件狮子服,一个舞动头部,另一个舞动身体和尾巴。他们熟练配合,模仿狮子的各种动作。狮子是兽中之王,象征幸福和好运,所以人们通常在春节和其他节日期间表演狮子舞。狮子舞也可能出现在其他重要场合,如商店开业和结婚典礼,往往吸引许多人观赏。